Iav yog ib yam khoom siv uas muaj nyob txhua qhov chaw hauv peb lub neej txhua hnub, pom muaj nyob rau hauv cov qhov rai, daim iav thiab ntau yam khoom siv hluav taws xob. Txhawm rau kom tau raws li qhov xav tau ntawm ntau yam kev siv, cov khoom siv iav feem ntau raug ua los ntawm ntau txoj kev, suav nrog kev ua haujlwm txias. Hauv tsab xov xwm no, peb tshawb nrhiav lub tswv yim ntawm kev ua haujlwm txias ntawm cov iav kho qhov muag thiab tham txog cov log sib tsoo uas tsim nyog rau kev sib tsoo iav.
Kev ua kom txias ntawm cov iav kho qhov muag yog hais txog kev tsim, sib tsoo, thiab txhuam cov txheej txheem ntawm chav tsev kub yam tsis muaj cua sov lossis lwm yam kev kho cua sov. Txoj kev no yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev tswj cov khoom kho qhov muag thiab qhov tseeb ntawm cov iav thaum lub sijhawm tsim khoom. Thaum sib tsoo iav, qhov tseem ceeb xav txog yog kev xaiv lub log sib tsoo. Cov log sib tsoo yog cov cuab yeej abrasive siv rau kev tshem tawm cov khoom siv thiab ua kom tiav qhov chaw. Lub log sib tsoo zoo tuaj yeem ua kom muaj kev ua tau zoo heev thiab txo qhov kev puas tsuaj rau lub iav.
1. Kev ua txias ntawm cov iav kho qhov muag yog dab tsi?
Kho qhov muag iav:
Cov iav kho qhov muag yog ib yam khoom siv tau ntau yam, siv rau hauv kev tsim ntau yam khoom siv hauv cov cuab yeej kho qhov muag thiab cov tshuab kho tshuab. Nws qhov kev pom tseeb thiab kev sib xws, ob qho tib si tshuaj lom neeg thiab lub cev, ua rau nws zoo tagnrho rau cov ntawv thov uas xav tau qhov tseeb optical constants. Optical iav tuaj yeem muab faib ua ntau hom raws li nws cov khoom sib xyaw. Tsev neeg silicate muaj cov iav uas muaj silicon dioxide (SiO2). Cov khoom no siv dav hauv kev tsim cov lens, prisms, thiab qhov rai vim lawv cov khoom xa tau zoo hauv thaj chaw pom thiab ze-infrared. Borate series iav muaj ntau ntawm boron oxide (B2O3) hauv nws cov khoom sib xyaw. Cov koob no paub txog nws qhov kev sib kis tsawg, ua rau nws haum rau cov ntawv thov uas xav tau kev txo qis ntawm chromatic aberration, xws li cov koob yees duab zoo. Cov koob phosphate feem ntau yog tsim los ntawm phosphorus pentoxide (P2O5). Hom iav no muaj qhov ntsuas siab ntawm kev refraction thiab kev tiv taus cua sov thiab kev ntxhov siab tshuaj lom neeg, ua rau nws muaj txiaj ntsig zoo hauv cov ntawv thov uas xav tau kev ua haujlwm optical muaj zog thiab ruaj khov. Cov koob tshuaj fluorine muaj cov iav uas cov khoom tseem ceeb yog fluorine (F). Cov tsom iav no muaj cov khoom tawg tsawg thiab feem ntau siv los ua cov iav zoo rau cov koob yees duab, lub tshuab microscopes, thiab lub tshuab telescopes. Thaum kawg, tsev neeg chalcogenide suav nrog cov tsom iav uas muaj cov ntsiab lus chalcogen xws li sulfur (S), selenium (Se), thiab tellurium (Te). Chalcogenide iav yog qhov tshwj xeeb hauv qhov nws muaj cov khoom xa hluav taws xob infrared zoo heev. Nws feem ntau siv rau hauv cov khoom siv infrared xws li lub tshuab pom kev hmo ntuj thiab cov khoom ntes infrared. Zuag qhia tag nrho, iav kho qhov muag yog cov khoom siv sib txawv nrog ntau yam kev sib xyaw thiab cov khoom tsim nyog rau cov ntawv thov kho qhov muag tshwj xeeb. Nws qhov kev pom tseeb siab, kev sib xws, thiab cov khoom siv kho qhov muag meej ua rau nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb hauv kev tsim cov iav, prisms, iav, thiab qhov rais rau cov cuab yeej kho qhov muag thiab cov tshuab kho tshuab.
Kev siv tshuab ua haujlwm txias:
Hauv kev txhim kho tshiab, ib txoj kev siv tshuab ua kom txias tshiab tau tshwm sim uas muaj peev xwm hloov cov iav soda-lime-silicate mus ua cov khoom siv uas tiv taus hluav taws kub heev. Cov thev naus laus zis tshiab no siv cov tshuaj kho cua sov, uas hloov cov qauv molecular ntawm cov iav yam tsis cuam tshuam rau nws cov xim qub thiab kev sib kis lub teeb. Yog li ntawd, cov txheej txheem tshiab no ua rau cov iav ua tau raws li cov qauv ultra-hardness thiab tiv taus cov nplaim taws kub heev. Txoj kev ua cov iav tawv tiv taus hluav taws no muaj ntau yam tseem ceeb. Cov khoom sib xyaw ua ke tseem ceeb yog ua los ntawm cov ntsev potassium (72% ~ 83%), roj argon (7% ~ 10%), roj tooj liab chloride (8% ~ 12%), thiab roj nitrogen (2% ~ 6%) los ntawm qhov hnyav piv. %). Cov khoom sib xyaw ua tib zoo no ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev siv cov txheej txheem ua haujlwm txias kom zoo.
Cov txheej txheem tsim khoom pib nrog kev txiav cov iav soda-lime-silica substrate, kom ntseeg tau tias ntug meej thiab du. Siv cov txheej txheem ua txias, cov iav raug sib tsoo kom zoo kom nws qhov chaw zoo dua. Tom qab cov kauj ruam no, cov iav raug rau kev kho cua sov tshiab. Lub hom phiaj ntawm kev kho no yog hloov cov qauv molecular ntawm cov iav, ua rau nws qhov nyuaj dua kom nws tuaj yeem ua tau raws li qhov yuav tsum tau tiv thaiv hluav taws thaum raug rau cov nplaim taws kub siab. Txhawm rau txhim kho nws qhov kev ua haujlwm hluav taws, cov iav tau coated nrog ib daim zaj duab xis tiv thaiv hluav taws tshwj xeeb. Cov zaj duab xis ntxiv ib txheej ntxiv ntawm kev tiv thaiv yam tsis cuam tshuam rau cov khoom qub ntawm cov iav, suav nrog nws cov xim thiab lub teeb kis. Tsis tas li ntawd, qhov chaw iav kuj tau dhau los ntawm kev kho mob tshwj xeeb. Kev kho no suav nrog ntau yam thev naus laus zis tsim los txhawb cov iav, xyuas kom meej tias nws ruaj khov thiab ua rau nws tsis kam cuam tshuam. Ib feem tseem ceeb ntawm cov txheej txheem ua txias no yog kev siv cov reactors, uas ua haujlwm tshwj xeeb thermal decomposition thiab gasification khoom siv. Cov khoom siv no ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev ua cov tshuaj tiv thaiv uas xav tau rau cov txheej txheem kho cua sov, kom ntseeg tau tias qhov kev hloov pauv ntawm cov iav xav tau.
Qhov cuam tshuam ntawm cov txheej txheem ua haujlwm txias no yog qhov tob heev. Cov lag luam uas xav tau cov khoom siv muaj zog thiab tiv taus hluav taws tuaj yeem tau txais txiaj ntsig zoo los ntawm qhov kev tsim kho tshiab no. Cov ntawv thov suav nrog kev lag luam tsim kho, qhov twg cov iav ntsuas hluav taws tuaj yeem siv ua kev ntsuas kev ruaj ntseg hauv cov tsev, lossis cov chaw ua haujlwm, qhov twg kev ruaj khov zoo thiab kev tiv taus rau qhov kub thiab txias heev yog qhov tseem ceeb. Kev txhim kho ntawm cov txheej txheem ua haujlwm txias no tau cim qhov kev nce qib loj hauv kev tsim cov ntaub ntawv tiv taus hluav taws. Los ntawm kev siv lub zog ntawm kev kho cua sov tshuaj lom neeg, cov iav soda lime silica tam sim no tuaj yeem txhim kho mus rau qib siab ntawm kev tawv thiab kev tiv taus hluav taws. Los ntawm kev ua tiav kev koom ua ke ntawm cov thev naus laus zis no, ib tiam tshiab ntawm cov iav tiv taus hluav taws ua tau zoo tuaj yeem tsim tawm, hloov pauv kev lag luam thiab ua kom ntseeg tau tias muaj cov qauv kev nyab xeeb siab dua rau ntau daim ntawv thov.
2. Xaiv qhov yogcov log sib tsoorau kev sib tsoo iav
Kev sib tsoo iav yog ib qho txheej txheem nyuaj uas xav tau cov cuab yeej thiab cov txheej txheem zoo kom ntseeg tau tias qhov tiav du thiab meej. Ib qho ntawm cov yam tseem ceeb tshaj plaws hauv kev ua tiav cov txiaj ntsig xav tau yog kev xaiv cov cuab yeej sib tsoo zoo. Cov log sib tsoo yog tsim los ntawm cov noob abrasive thiab cov sib txuas. Cov noob abrasive yog lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb rau kev tshem tawm cov khoom thaum lub sijhawm sib tsoo thiab raug sib sau ua ke rau hauv ib daim duab tshwj xeeb los ntawm kev khi cov khoom. Cov khoom sib txuas muab lub zog thiab kev sib txuas tsim nyog rau lub log, thaum lub porosity pab txhawb kev tshem tawm cov chips thiab cov dej txias.
Rau kev sib tsoo iav, feem ntau pom zoo kom siv cov xuab zeb me dua kom tau qhov chaw du thiab ci ntsa iab. Qhov loj ntawm cov noob me dua ua kom muaj qhov khawb lossis cim tsawg kawg nkaus ntawm qhov chaw iav. Qhov nyuaj ntawm lub log sib tsoo yog lwm qhov tseem ceeb uas yuav tsum xav txog. Iav yog cov khoom siv uas tsis yooj yim tawg, yog li lub log mos mos feem ntau yog qhov zoo dua los txo qhov kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev puas tsuaj rau lub iav. Txawm li cas los xij, qhov nyuaj tiag tiag uas xav tau yuav txawv nyob ntawm hom iav sib tsoo thiab qhov tiav xav tau. Kev npaj lub log sib tsoo kom zoo kuj tseem ceeb. Ua ntej siv lub log sib tsoo, xyuas seb lub log sib tsoo puas puas lossis tsis zoo, txwv tsis pub, nws yuav ua rau kev sib tsoo tsis sib xws lossis tawg. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom ua raws li cov lus qhia ntawm lub chaw tsim khoom thiab cov lus qhia ntawm kev teeb tsa lub log kom ntseeg tau tias muaj kev ua haujlwm zoo tshaj plaws thiab kev nyab xeeb.
Xaus lus, kev xaiv cov cuab yeej sib tsoo zoo yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev sib tsoo iav kom zoo. Cov khoom sib tsoo uas muaj cov xuab zeb zoo thiab qhov nyuaj nruab nrab feem ntau pom zoo kom ua tiav qhov tiav du thiab meej ntawm cov iav. Kev npaj cov cuab yeej kom zoo thiab ua raws li cov lus qhia kev nyab xeeb kuj yog cov yam tseem ceeb uas yuav tsum xav txog. Kev sib tsoo iav kom raug thiab zoo tuaj yeem ua tiav los ntawm kev xaiv lub log sib tsoo zoo thiab siv cov txheej txheem zoo.
Lub sijhawm tshaj tawm: Lub Yim Hli-17-2023