Twese tuzi ko icyuma gikozwe mu ikaramu cyoroshye cyane kandi cyoroshye kugicagagura. Hariho ikintu nk'icyo gikozwe muri karuboni nk'icyuma gikozwe mu ikaramu, ariko ni cyo gikoresho gikomeye cyane ku isi, ari cyo diyama.
Kubera ubukana n'ubuke bwa diyama, abantu bazibonaga nk'amabuye y'agaciro kuva kera, kandi diyama imaze gukatwa no gusigwa yitwa diyama, ikaba ari imwe mu mabuye y'agaciro menshi ku isi.
Ubukana bwa diyama buri hejuru cyane. Ishobora gukurura ibimenyetso hafi ya byose. Diyama iratyaye kandi ntiyoroshye kuyishyushya. Bityo ikoreshwa no mu gukora, nko gushyira diyama ku bikoresho bitandukanye kugira ngo ikore ibikoresho bimwe na bimwe byo gusya no gukata. Ubu buryo bwo kuyikora bukozwe mu buryo bwa diyama ikoresheje amashanyarazi.
Diyama ikozwe mu buryo bw'amashanyarazi
Diyama yo gushushanya hakoreshejwe amashanyarazi ishingiye ku ihame ryo gushushanya hakoreshejwe amashanyarazi. Umucanga wa diyama ushyirwa ku gikoresho cy’akazi hakoreshejwe nikeli. Igice kimwe cya diyama kizashyirwa ku gice cy’ubutaka, ikindi gice kizashyirwa ku buso kugira ngo kibe urwego rukomeye kandi rudashira.
Intego ya diyama ikozwe mu buryo bw'amashanyarazi ni ukongera ubushobozi bwo gukata no gusya hakoreshejwe gushyira uduce twinshi twa diyama ku buso bw'icyuma. Ibikoresho bitandukanye byo gusya bikorwa n'ikoranabuhanga rya diyama ikozwe mu buryo bw'amashanyarazi bikoreshwa cyane mu mashini, ikirahure, ibikoresho by'ubwubatsi n'izindi nganda.
Diyama igomba gukorerwa ahantu hihariye, bityo umusaruro wa diyama uba mwinshi kandi umusaruro uba muto. Diyama karemano ntishobora guhaza ibyifuzo, bityo diyama ikozwe mu duce twa diyama twakozwe mu buryo bw'amashanyarazi.
Amateka y'iterambere ry'ubukorikori
Abantu bafite amateka maremare yo gukoresha ibikoresho bitandukanye byo gusya mu gutunganya ibintu. Mu bihe bya kera, abantu ba kera bakoreshaga amabuye atyaye, amagufwa y'inyamaswa, inkoni n'ibindi bikoresho mu guhiga no gutema ibiryo, ari na byo bikoresho byo gusya bya kera cyane.
Byanditse ko mu gihe cy'ingoma ya Yuan, mu Bushinwa hari igikoresho cyakoreshaga kawurute karemano kugira ngo gikore ifu y'igikonoshwa ku ruhu rw'intama kugira ngo gikoreshwe. Iki ni cyo gikoresho cya mbere cyanditswe gikozwe mu buryo bwo gukurura.
Kuva aho havumburiwe ibyuma bitandukanye nka bronze, abantu batangiye gukoresha imiterere yabyo ikomeye kandi ya pulasitiki kugira ngo batunganye ibi byuma mo ibikoresho bitandukanye kandi babikoreshe cyane mu buryo butandukanye bwo gusya. Kuva icyo gihe, abantu binjiye mu gihe gishya cyo gukoresha ibyuma bisya.
Muri iki gihe, bitewe n’iterambere ryihuse ry’umusaruro w’inganda, ubukana bw’ibikoresho bitunganywa buriyongera cyane, kandi ibikoresho bisanzwe byo gusya ibyuma ntibikibasha guhaza ibyo ukeneye, bityo abantu batangiye gushaka ibikoresho bikomeye cyane nk’ibintu byo gusya.
Hari rero ibikoresho byo gusya nka korundum karemano, karubide ya silikoni y’ubukorano na diyama y’ubukorano ifite ubukana bwinshi bikoreshwa cyane muri iki gihe. Nyuma yo gusya ibyo bikoresho mo uduce duto, bishyirwa ku zindi nganda z’icyuma kugira ngo bikore imiterere runaka y’ibikoresho byo gusya, kugira ngo bikoreshwe mu gutunganya ibyuma.
Ibiranga diyama ikozwe mu buryo bw'amashanyarazi
Ibikoresho bikozwe muri diyama ikozwe mu buryo bw'amashanyarazi bigizwe n'ibice bibiri: igikoresho cyo gukoraho n'igitambaro cya diyama. Kubwibyo, ubu buryo bwo gushyiramo diyama ikozwe mu buryo bw'amashanyarazi bushobora gukora ibikoresho bitandukanye byo gusya bifite imiterere idahwitse, ingano nto n'iyoroheje kandi bifite ubuhanga bwo hejuru.
Diyama ikozwe mu buryo bwa elegitoroniki ikoresha nikeli nk'umugozi uhuza uduce twa diyama n'umuyoboro wayo. Izashyira 1/2 cyangwa 2/3 bya diyama ku gikoresho cyo gukoraho, kandi irangi rizaba rikomeye cyane. Ibi bizatuma diyama ikozwe mu buryo bwa elegitoroniki idashira, kandi diyama ntizagwa byoroshye.
Kubera ko ubukana bwa diyama ari bwinshi cyane kandi ubukana bw'uduce twa diyama bushobora kugumaho igihe kirekire, imikorere myiza y'ibikoresho bitandukanye byo gusya byakozwe muri diyama ikozwe mu buryo bw'amashanyarazi nayo izaba iri hejuru cyane kandi idashira.
Mu gikorwa cyo gukora diyama ikozwe mu buryo bw'amashanyarazi, hakoreshwa uburyo bwo gushyiramo ubushyuhe buke nyuma yo gukoresha amashanyarazi, bityo ntibizatanga ubushyuhe bwinshi n'umuvuduko mwinshi kuri diyama, kandi ntibizagira ingaruka kuri diyama ubwayo, ibyo kandi bigatuma ubwiza bwa diyama butazagabanuka, kandi bikaba byiza cyane mu kunoza ubwiza bw'imashini isya.
Urugendo rw'imikorere ya diyama ikoresheje amashanyarazi
Ibikoresho fatizo bya diyama
Hitamo umubare ujyanye n'umuyoboro wa diyama ukurikije ubwiza busabwa bw'igikoresho cya diyama gikozwe mu buryo bwa elegitoroniki, maze diyama y'ubukorikori izagaragaza polihedron ifite inguni ya diyama munsi ya mikorosikopi, kandi igaragaze ibara ry'umuhondo n'icyatsi kibisi.
Kugira ngo diyama ikoreshwe mu buryo bw'amashanyarazi, hazakoreshwa icyuma cyabigize umwuga cyo gutandukanya ibintu bihumanya ikirere kugira ngo diyama ibe nziza.
Gukuraho amavuta
Koresha alkali yo mu nganda kugira ngo ukureho amavuta, shyiramo soda yo mu bwoko bwa caustic mu mazi hanyuma uyiteke mu gihe cy'iminota 30, hanyuma uyisukemo amazi yaciwe inshuro 2-3 kugira ngo ukureho ibara ry'amavuta ku buso bwa diyama.
Agakoresho ka diyama gakozwe n'amashanyarazi na ko gakwiye gukurwaho amavuta. Ubusanzwe, agakoresho gashyirwa mu cyuma gisukura hakoreshejwe soda ya caustic, hanyuma amazi agashyuha kugira ngo soda ya caustic ishonge, hanyuma hagakorwa isuku ya diyama mu gihe cy'iminota 30.
Gutegura mbere yo gupfuka
Kugira ngo diyama n'ubutaka bishobore guhuzwa neza, ni ngombwa gupfunyika igitambaro gikozwe mu buryo bwa electroplated ku buso bw'icyuma mbere yo gupfunyika diyama mu buryo bwa electroplated.
Electrolyte ishyushywa kugeza kuri 50°C, hanyuma igikoresho gishyirwa mu bwogero bw'icyuma gishyushya. Nyuma y'uko icyuma cya nikeli n'umuti wo gupfuka, iyoni ya nikeli izashyirwa ku buso bw'igikoresho, igakora urwego rworoshye rwo gupfuka.
icyuma gikoresha amashanyarazi
Kugira ngo ushyiremo uduce twa diyama ku gice cy’umusenyi gikozwe mu buryo bwa elegitoroniki, ubusanzwe hari uburyo bubiri: uburyo bwo gushyiramo umusenyi n’uburyo bwo gushyiramo umusenyi. Uburyo bwo gushyiramo umusenyi bushobora kurangiza umusenyi ku buso bumwe icyarimwe, bityo bukwiriye cyane ku bicuruzwa bya diyama bifite amashanyarazi ku ruhande rumwe; Uburyo bwo gushyiramo umusenyi ni ugushyiramo ibintu bisaba diyama ifite amashanyarazi mu musenyi wa diyama, bityo bikaba byiza cyane ku bicuruzwa bifite uburebure bwa cylindrical cyangwa bidakora neza.
Ariko, amahame yabyo ni amwe. Nyuma y'uko umuti wo gupfunyika amashanyarazi n'umuti wo gukora bishyizwemo amashanyarazi, uduce twa diyama tuzashyirwa ku mupira w'amashanyarazi wamaze gushyirwaho. Mu gihe cy'imikorere y'amashanyarazi, nikeli izabora ikarekura atome za nikeli, zizashyirwa ku mupira w'amashanyarazi hamwe n'uduce twa diyama. Diyama iri hejuru izapfunyikwa buhoro buhoro kugira ngo ikore irangi rya diyama.
Karaba hanyuma wumishe
Nyuma yo gusiga icyuma gikozwe mu buryo bwa electroplating, oza icyo gicuruzwa n'amazi meza, kuko hagati y'icyuma gikozwe mu buryo bwa electroplating hazaba hasigaye amazi ya diyama n'agace ka diyama; Amaherezo, amazi ari hejuru y'icyo gicuruzwa ashobora gushonga n'umwuka ushyushye, maze diyama ikozwe mu buryo bwa electroplating ikarangizwa.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Gashyantare-03-2023