He maha ngā āhuatanga e pā ana ki te whakakanapa i te kohatu

Pūtaiao Rauemi

Ngā papa whakakanapa kohatu

E rua ngā momo kōhatu whakakanapa: he poraka whakakanapa kapia; he kōpae whakakanapa kapia.
Te whakakanapa i ngā hua: whakatakotoria te kōhatu whakakanapa ki runga i ngā hua tukatuka, ā, whakamahia ngā taputapu mīhini kia tere te mahi, kia tere ai te "kanapa maroke me te whakakanapa mākū" kia puta ai te pānga whakakanapa. Ka kitea he mārama whakaata kaha i te mata o te hua, e mōhiotia whānuitia ana ko te kanapa.

Kaupapa

Ko te kaupapa o te oro e whakaatahia ana i roto i ngā āhuatanga e rua: te kaupapa o te huri matūriki; ngā kaupapa ā-tinana me ngā kaupapa matū.
1. Te huri matūrikiIna tae ngā matūriki whakakoi mai i te huri taratara ki te huri taratara me te oro, ko te tohu huri o te whakakoi i runga i te mata o te kōhatu mai i te taratara ki te taratara, kātahi ka kore he tohu e kitea. Ka maeneene, ka papatahi, ka ngawari te mata. Ina tae te hohonu ki te 110 maikorona, ka puta te mata kua tukatukahia he kanapa, he kanapa, he kanapa.
Ko te huri matūriki kei roto i ngā tukanga e whai ake nei:
① Huri taratara: me hōhonu te mata tapahi o te taputapu huri, he pai te huri, he anga huri taratara, ā, he mata huri taratara anō hoki. Ko te mahi matua he tango i ngā tohu o te mata kani i mahue i te tukanga o mua, ā, he huri i te papatahi me te mata tauira o te hua ki tōna wāhi.
② Hurihanga haurua-pai: tangohia ngā tohu huri taratara hei hanga i tētahi witi pai hou, kia papatahi, kia maeneene hoki te mata tukatuka hua;
③ Te huri pai: kua mārama te whakaatu i te tauira, te witi me te tae o te hua i muri i te huri pai, he pai, he maeneene te mata, ā, he ngoikore te kanapa;
④ Huri pai: kāore he tohu e kitea ana i te hua tukatuka. He maeneene haere te mata, ā, ko te kanapa he 40 ~ 50 nekehanga;
⑤ Te whakakanapa: he kanapa te mata, he rite ki te whakaata, he kanapa te āhua (neke atu i te 85 nekehanga).

2. Te mātāpono ā-tinana, ā-matū:E rua ngā tukanga whakakanapa, arā, ko te "whakakanapa maroke me te whakakanapa mākū". Ina pāngia ngā hua kōhatu e ngā pānga ā-tinana me te matū i waenganui i te "maroke me te mākū", ko te whakakanapa maroke he mimiti i te wai ina piki te pāmahana o te mata kōhatu, ka hua ake he pikinga o te kukū o te kōhatu whakakanapa, kia tutuki ai te pānga whakapakari. Ka tīmata te kanapa o te hua ki te whakatutuki i ngā whakaritenga tino pai, ā, ka eke te kanapa ki runga ake i te 85 nekehanga, neke atu rānei.
Ka whakakanapahia te kōhatu whakakanapa ki runga i ngā hua tukatuka. Kia wera ngā hua whakakanapa, tāpirihia he wai ki te mata o te pereti hei whakaiti i te pāmahana. Kāore e whakaaetia kia tāpiri tonu te wai, kia nui rānei te wai. Ki te kore, ka kore e eke te whakakanapa ki te hua tino pai nā te pānga whakahinuhinu o te wai, ā, kāore e taea te whakamahi i te whakakanapa maroke. Ka wera te mata o te pereti i te pāmahana nui rawa, ka pakaru te mata o te pereti.
I te nuinga o te wā, i muri i te huri pai, ko te kanapa o ngā hua he tata ki te 40 ~ 50. Heoi, kāore e taea e ētahi rauemi kōhatu te eke ki te kanapa o runga ake nei i muri i te huri pai, pērā i te pango Shanxi, te onepū koura pango, te pango Jining, me ētahi atu. Ko te kanapa o aua hua i muri i te huri pai he 20 ~ 30 nekehanga anake. Kāore e ranea te mārama ki te tikanga taketake o te huri me ngā matūriki o mua. Ka whakapakarihia e tēnei momo hua te tukanga oro, ka puta he tauhohenga ā-tinana me te matū ina "maroke me te mākū" te oro, ā, ka piki, ka heke te pāmahana. I muri i te "oro maroke me te oro mākū", ka āta whakapai ake te kanapa o te hua, ā, ka eke te kanapa ki te neke atu i te 85 nekehanga.

3 taputapu whakakoi kohatu mīhini whakakoi kohatu ngaio

He maha ngā āhuatanga e pā ana ki te whakakanapa i te kōhatu: ko te pānga o te whakakanapa o te kōhatu e whakawhirinaki ana ki ngā āhuatanga e rua: ko te tuatahi ko te hangarau whakakanapa i whakamahia, arā, ko ngā āhuatanga o waho "kua riro mai"; Tuarua, he take ā-roto "tūturu" mō te kōhatu tonu.
Ki te kore e whakaarohia ngā āhuatanga o roto o te kōhatu, ko ngā āhuatanga matua e pā ana ki te whakakanapa o te kōhatu ko te momo oro whakakanapa, te wai whakakanapa (whakapiri), ngā taputapu huri whakakanapa,ngā papa kirikiri taimana(ngā taputapu, ngā poraka huri) me ngā tawhā o te tukanga oro.
(1) Momo kai whakakanapa
Ahakoa he rauemi whakakanapa motuhake te mea whakakanapa, ko te rerekētanga i waenganui i a ia me te rauemi huri ka kitea nuitia i roto i te tikanga tukatuka. I roto i te kaupapa matua, ka taea hoki te whakamahi i ētahi rauemi paura moroiti he iti te pakeke hei mea whakakanapa. Engari i te nuinga o te wā, he pai ake te mea whakakanapa he teitei te pakeke i tērā he iti te pakeke, ā, he whānui te whānuitanga o ngā whakamahinga. Ka taea e te paura whakakanapa taimana te whakatutuki i te pānga whakakanapa pai ki te nuinga o ngā rauemi kōhatu.
(2) Wai whakakanapa (whakapiri)
He wai whakakanapa e whakamahia whānuitia ana te wai. Ehara i te mea ko te huri anake hei whakamatao, engari he reo hoki mō ngā pānga ā-tinana, ā-matū hoki i roto i te tukanga whakakanapa.
Mena ko te huri ā-ringa te pūtake o te whakakanapa i te kōhatu, pērā i te paura taimana, ko te wai whakakanapa he wai rauropi hinu-hinu, pērā i te hinu mīhini tuitui. He tino pai ngā pānga whakamatao, whakahinuhinu me te horapa.
He whakapiri huri taimana, he wai, he hinu hoki, ā, ka taea hoki te tāpiri tae. Ko te tikanga: whakakoi + kaiwhakamarara + kaikawe + wai + tae.
(3) Kōpae whakakanapa (taputapu, poraka huri)
Ko te papa kōhatu papatahi he momo whakaaturanga me te tukatuka i te hurihanga o te mata kōhatu. He maha ngā wā ka whakamahia ngā kōpae mārō i hangaia ki ngā rauemi whakarewa hei kōpae whakakanapa. He ngāwari te whakakanapa o te mata kōpae pīngore ki te huri hei mata kōpiko ina pēhia te kōhatu, he mea e tika ana mō te whakakanapa mata pewa. He pai te ātete kakahu me te mimiti o te kōpae mārō waenga, ā, he āhua ngāwari. He pai hoki te pānga whakakanapa ki te kōhatu papatahi.

(4) Ngā tawhā tukanga whakakanapa
Kei roto i ngā tawhā tukanga te kukū me te tuku o te kai whakakanapa, te pēhanga me te tere raina i te wā e whakakanapa ana. I mua i te iti iho o te kukū i tētahi uara, ka piki ake te tere whakakanapa i te pikinga o te kukū o te kai whakakanapa. Kia tae te kukū ki te mōrahi, ki te whakanuia anō te kukū, ka heke te tere whakakanapa. Waihoki, ina tae te nui o te kai whakakanapa ki tētahi uara, ka mōrahi te tere whakakanapa, ā, ki te piki tonu te nui o te tuku, ka heke te tere whakakanapa. Mā te whakanui tika i te pēhanga i te wā e whakakanapa ana ka taea te whakanui ake i te tere whakakanapa, engari mā te pēhanga nui rawa ka whakapakari i te pānga huri, kāore e pai mō te hanganga o te mata kanapa. Ko te tere whakakanapa e whakawhirinaki ana ki te tere hurihuri o te kōpae whakakanapa (taputapu), engari ki te teitei rawa te tere raina, ka makahia te kai whakakanapa, ka waiho hei para.
(5) Te kounga o te tukanga o mua me te taratara o te mata o te kōhatu.
Ki te whakaarohia ngā āhuatanga o roto o te kōhatu tonu, pērā i te hanganga kohuke o ngā rauemi kōhatu, ka kitea nuitia tēnei i roto i ngā āhuatanga o te tukanga whakakanapa kōhatu.
① He rerekē ngā āhuatanga o te tukanga whakakanapa i ngā kōhatu he rerekē ngā hanganga kohuke. Hei tauira, ko ngā rauemi kōhatu he mea hanga nui ki ngā kohuke serpentine, pērā i te māpere matomato Dahua, he rauemi kōhatu pakari, ka taea te whakakanapa engari he uaua ki te whakakanapa.
② Kei roto i te māpere te nui o ngā kohuke oneone, ka pā anō hoki ki te kanapa o te kōhatu. Ko tētahi tauira noa ko te ngata whero Anhui i Anhui. Ko te ingoa o te kōhatu ko te kōhatu kōhatu kōhatu kōhatu whiriwhiri paparanga. Ko te pereti kani i runga i te papa whakarara he tauira koiora āhua putiputi, he rite ki te ngata kūtai, ā, he tino ataahua. Heoi, nā te mea kei roto i te konganuku te nui o ngā wāhanga kohuke uku, he uaua ki te pereti kua orohia te whakatutuki i te kanapa neke atu i te 85.
③ He maha ngā wā ka pakaru te kirikiri korekore i ngā kohuke Muscovite (te uku, te hydromica rānei), ā, he uaua ki te eke ki te taumata whakakanapa o te kirikiri hou. Koinei pea te kounga o te kōhatu.
④ I roto i te ariā, me whakamahi ngā momo oro mō ngā kohuke rerekē. Ko te oro he momo hangarau tukatuka pai o te kōhatu, ā, e kiia ana e ētahi ko te hangarau oro mata. He maha ngā āhuatanga e pā ana ki te oro o ngā rauemi kōhatu, tae atu ki ngā raruraru o ngā āhuatanga tukanga me ngā tawhā i roto i te tukanga oro, ngā momo oro oro, ngā rauemi āwhina me ngā kōpae oro (ngā taputapu me ngā poraka), me te hanganga kohuke me te kounga o ngā rauemi kōhatu.