Zinthu zingapo zomwe zimakhudza kupukuta miyala

Sayansi Yazinthu Zachilengedwe

Mapepala opukutira miyala

Pali mitundu iwiri ya miyala yopukutira: chopukutira cha resin; chopukutira cha resin.
Kupukuta zinthu: ikani mwala wopukuta pa zinthu zomwe zakonzedwa, ndikugwiritsa ntchito zida zamakina kuti zigwire ntchito mwachangu komanso "kupukuta kouma ndi kupukuta konyowa" kuti mupeze zotsatira zopukuta. Pamwamba pa chinthucho padzakhala kuwala kowala kwambiri, komwe nthawi zambiri kumatchedwa kunyezimira.

Mfundo yaikulu

Mfundo yopukutira imawonekera makamaka m'mbali ziwiri: mfundo yopukutira tinthu; mfundo zakuthupi ndi zamankhwala.
1. Kupera tinthu tating'onoting'ono: pamene tinthu tomwe timayabwa timakhala topyapyala mpaka topyapyala, tinthu topyapyala pamwamba pa mwala timakhala topyapyala mpaka topyapyala kenako topanda tinthu tooneka. Pamwamba pake padzakhala posalala, topyapyala komanso tofewa. Pamene kuya kwake kufika pa ma microns 110, pamwamba pake padzaoneka ngati pali kuwala kowala, kowala komanso kowala.
Kupera tinthu tating'onoting'ono kumakhala ndi njira zotsatirazi:
① Kupera mopanda mphamvu: chida choperacho chikufunika kuti chikhale ndi m'mphepete mwakuya, chogwira ntchito bwino kwambiri, chimanga chopera mopanda mphamvu komanso malo opera mopanda mphamvu. Cholinga chachikulu ndi kuchotsa madontho a tsamba la macheka omwe adatsala kale ndikupera malo osalala ndi opangidwa ndi chitsanzo cha chinthucho pamalo pake;
② Kupera pang'ono pang'ono: chotsani zizindikiro zopera kuti mupange tirigu watsopano wosalala, ndipo pamwamba pa zinthuzo padzakhala pathyathyathya komanso posalala;
③ Kupera pang'ono: mawonekedwe, tirigu ndi mtundu wa chinthucho pambuyo popera pang'ono zawonetsedwa bwino, pamwamba pake ndi pabwino komanso posalala, ndipo pali kuwala kofooka;
④ Kupera pang'ono: chinthu chokonzedwacho chilibe chizindikiro chooneka. Pamwamba pake pamakhala posalala kwambiri, ndipo kuwala kwake kuli pafupifupi madigiri 40 ~ 50;
⑤ Kupukuta: pamwamba pake pali kuwala ngati galasi, ndipo pali kuwala kwina (koposa madigiri 85).

2. Mfundo ya fizikiki:Pali njira ziwiri zopukutira, zomwe ndi "kupukuta kouma ndi kupukuta konyowa". Pamene zinthu zamwala zili ndi zotsatira zakuthupi ndi zamankhwala pakati pa "zouma ndi zonyowa", kupukuta kouma kumasanduka nthunzi pamene kutentha kwa pamwamba pa mwala kukukwera, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti kuchuluka kwa mwala wopukutira kuchuluke, kuti ukhale wolimba. Kunyezimira kwa chinthucho kumayamba kukwaniritsa zofunikira zoyenera, ndipo kunyezimira kumafika madigiri oposa 85 kapena kupitirira apo.
Mwala wopukutira umapukutidwa pa zinthu zomwe zakonzedwa. Zinthu zopukutidwa zikatentha, onjezerani madzi pamwamba pa mbale kuti muchepetse kutentha. Sikololedwa kuwonjezera madzi nthawi zonse kapena kuwonjezera madzi ambiri. Kupanda kutero, mphamvu ya mafuta a madzi idzapangitsa kuti kupukuta kusafike pamlingo woyenera, ndipo kupukuta kouma sikungagwiritsidwe ntchito. Kutentha kwambiri kudzatentha pamwamba pa mbale ndikuyambitsa ming'alu pamwamba pa mbale.
Kawirikawiri, pambuyo popera bwino, kuwala kwa zinthuzo kumakhala pafupifupi 40 ~ 50. Komabe, zinthu zina zamwala sizingafike pa kuwala komwe kwatchulidwa pamwambapa pambuyo popera bwino, monga Shanxi wakuda, mchenga wakuda wagolide, Jining wakuda, ndi zina zotero. kuwala kwa zinthu zotere pambuyo popera bwino ndi madigiri 20 ~ 30 okha. Sikokwanira kumvetsetsa tanthauzo loyambirira la kupera ndi tinthu ta kutsogolo. Mtundu uwu wa zinthu udzalimbitsa njira yopukuta ndikupanga zochitika zakuthupi ndi zamankhwala pamene kupukuta kuli "kouma komanso konyowa" ndipo kutentha kumakwera ndikutsika. Pambuyo pa "kupukuta kouma ndi kupukuta konyowa", kuwala kwa chinthucho kumawonjezeka pang'onopang'ono, ndipo kuwala kumafika madigiri opitilira 85.

Makina atatu opukutira miyala opukutira miyala akatswiri

Zinthu zingapo zomwe zimakhudza kupukuta miyala: momwe kupukuta kwa miyala kumakhudzira mbali ziwiri: chimodzi ndi ukadaulo wopukuta womwe wagwiritsidwa ntchito, mwachitsanzo zinthu zakunja zopangidwa "zopezedwa"; Chachiwiri, pali zifukwa zamkati "zachibadwa" za mwalawo wokha.
Ngati zinthu zamkati mwa mwalawo sizikuganiziridwa, zinthu zazikulu zomwe zimakhudza kupukuta kwa mwalawo ndi mtundu wa chotsukira, madzi opukuta (phala), zida zopukutira zopukuta,mapepala oyeretsera diamondi(zida, zopukutira) ndi magawo a njira yopukutira.
(1) Mtundu wa choyeretsera
Ngakhale kuti chopukutira ndi chinthu chapadera chopukutira, kusiyana pakati pacho ndi zinthu zopukutira kumaonekera makamaka mu njira yopangira. Mwachidule, zinthu zina zazing'ono zokhala ndi ufa wochepa zitha kugwiritsidwanso ntchito ngati zopukutira. Koma nthawi zambiri, chopukutira chokhala ndi kuuma kwakukulu chimakhala bwino kuposa chomwe chili ndi kuuma kochepa ndipo chimagwiritsidwa ntchito mosiyanasiyana. Ufa wa diamondi wopukutira ukhoza kukhala ndi zotsatira zabwino zopukutira pa zinthu zambiri zamwala.
(2) Madzi opukutira (phala)
Madzi ndi madzi opukutira omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri. Sangokhala ngati kuziziritsa kopera, komanso ngati njira yogwiritsira ntchito mphamvu zakuthupi ndi zamakemikolo popukuta.
Ngati kupukuta miyala kumadalira kwambiri kupukutira kwa makina, monga ufa wa diamondi, madzi opukuta nthawi zambiri amakhala amadzimadzi ochokera ku mafuta, monga mafuta a makina osokera. Mphamvu zake zoziziritsira, kudzola mafuta ndi kufalitsa ndi zabwino kwambiri.
Phala lopukutira la diamondi, madzi ndi mafuta, komanso likhoza kuwonjezeredwa ndi zinthu zopaka utoto. Fomula yake ndi iyi: yokwapula + yothira mafuta + yonyamulira + yamadzi + yopaka utoto.
(3) Chida chopukutira (chida, chopukutira)
Chowunikira cha miyala yathyathyathya ndi njira yowonetsera ndi kukonza miyala yopera pamwamba. Ma disk olimba opangidwa ndi zitsulo nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati ma disc opukuta. Malo opukuta a floppy disk polishing ndi osavuta kuyika pamalo opindika mwala ukakanikiza, zomwe ndizoyenera kupukuta pamwamba pa arc. Diski yolimba yapakatikati imakhala ndi kukana kwabwino kwa kuwonongeka ndi kulowetsedwa, ndipo imakhala ndi kusinthasintha pang'ono. Imakhalanso ndi mphamvu yabwino yopukuta pa miyala yathyathyathya.

(4) Magawo a njira yopukutira
Magawo a ndondomekoyi akuphatikizapo kuchuluka ndi kuperekedwa kwa chotsukira, kuthamanga ndi liwiro lolunjika panthawi yopukuta. Kuchuluka kusanayambe kuchepera pa mtengo winawake, liwiro lopukuta limawonjezeka ndi kuwonjezeka kwa kuchuluka kwa chotsukira. Kuchulukako kukafika pamlingo wapamwamba, ngati kuchulukako kukawonjezekanso, liwiro lopukuta limachepa. Mofananamo, pamene kuchuluka kwa chotsukira kuli pamtengo winawake, liwiro lopukuta limakhala lalikulu, ndipo ngati kuchuluka kwa chotsukira kukupitirira kukwera, liwiro lopukuta limachepa. Kuonjezera bwino kupanikizika panthawi yopukuta kumatha kuwonjezera liwiro lopukuta, koma kupanikizika kwambiri kudzalimbitsa mphamvu yopera, zomwe sizingathandize kupanga malo owala. Kuthamanga kopukuta kumadalira liwiro lozungulira la diski yopukuta (chida), koma ngati liwiro lolunjika lili lalikulu kwambiri, chotsukira chidzatayidwa kunja, zomwe zimayambitsa zinyalala.
(5) Ubwino wa njira yapitayi komanso kukhwima kwa pamwamba pa mwala.
Ngati tiganizira za zinthu zamkati mwa mwalawo, monga momwe miyala imagwirira ntchito, izi zimaonekera makamaka mu mawonekedwe a kupukuta miyala.
① Makhalidwe a miyala yokhala ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mchere ndi osiyana. Mwachitsanzo, miyala yomwe imapangidwa makamaka ndi mchere wa serpentine, monga miyala yobiriwira ya Dahua, ndi ya miyala yokhala ndi mphamvu zolimba, zomwe zimatha kupukutidwa koma sizophweka kupukutidwa.
② Marble ili ndi mchere winawake wa nthaka, womwe umakhudzanso kunyezimira kwa miyala. Chitsanzo chodziwika bwino ndi nkhono yofiira ya Anhui ku Anhui. Dzina la mwalawu ndi miyala yachilengedwe yosankha miyala. Mbale yodulidwa yomwe ili pabwalo lofanana ili ndi mawonekedwe achilengedwe ooneka ngati duwa, ofanana ndi nkhono ya clam, ndipo ndi yokongola kwambiri. Komabe, chifukwa miyalayo ili ndi mchere winawake wa dongo, zimakhala zovuta kuti mbale yopukutidwayo ipeze kunyezimira kopitilira madigiri 85.
③ Granite yotayirira nthawi zambiri imawonongeka pang'ono ndi mchere wa Muscovite (clayization kapena hydromica), ndipo mphamvu yake yopukuta imakhala yovuta kufika pamlingo wopukuta wa granite watsopano. Uwu uyenera kukhala mtundu wa mwalawo.
④ Mwachiphunzitso, mchere wosiyanasiyana uyenera kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu zosiyanasiyana zopukutira. Kupukuta ndi mtundu wa ukadaulo wokonza miyala, ndipo anthu ena amautcha ukadaulo wopukuta pamwamba. Pali zinthu zambiri zomwe zimakhudza kupukuta kwa zinthu zamwala, kuphatikizapo mavuto a momwe zinthu zilili ndi magawo a njira yopukutira, mitundu ya zinthu zopukutira, zinthu zothandizira ndi ma disc opukutira (zida ndi mabuloko), komanso kapangidwe ka mchere ndi mtundu wa zinthu zamwala.